资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
明年财政、货币政策如何发力? 财政部央行权威解读释放积极信号****** 本报记者 包兴安 刚刚闭幕的中央经济工作会议要求,明年要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,加大宏观政策调控力度,加强各类政策协调配合,形成共促高质量发展合力。 对此,财政部、央行进行了权威解读,认为明年要保持必要的财政支出强度,合理安排赤字率和专项债规模,确保政府投资力度不减;明年货币政策的力度不能小于今年,“总量要够,结构要准”。 保持必要的财政支出强度 中央经济工作会议提出,积极的财政政策要加力提效。保持必要的财政支出强度,优化组合赤字、专项债、贴息等工具,在有效支持高质量发展中保障财政可持续和地方政府债务风险可控。 12月17日,在中国国际经济交流中心举办的“2022-2023中国经济年会”上,财政部副部长许宏才表示,积极的财政政策要“加力”主要体现在“统筹财政收入、财政赤字、专项债券、调度资金等,保持适度支出强度,加强国家重大战略任务财力保障,持续推动财力下沉”“合理安排赤字率和地方政府专项债券规模,适量扩大专项债券资金投向领域和用作资本金范围,今明两年持续形成实物工作量和投资拉动力,确保政府投资力度不减”等方面。 许宏才表示,“提效”主要体现在“完善减税退税降费政策,增强精准性和针对性”“更好发挥财政资金引导与撬动作用,有效带动扩大全社会投资和促进消费”等方面。 中央财经大学财税学院教授白彦锋在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,明年财税支持政策要保持一定的规模和力度,确保国民经济整体好转;同时,财政政策更需要精准发力、提质增效。 财政部数据显示,2022年,我国财政支出强度比去年大幅提高,赤字率按2.8%左右安排;全国一般公共预算财政支出的安排规模是26.7万亿元,比去年增加2万亿元以上;中央财政对地方的转移支付规模近9.8万亿元,比去年增加了近1.5万亿元,同比增长18%,是2012年以来的最高增幅。 “明年宏观政策将保持一定稳增长力度,尤其在上半年会有明显体现。”东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青对《证券日报》记者表示,新增专项债规模也会达到4万亿元左右。明年将从支持基建投资提速逐步转向促消费。 许宏才表示,明年的财政政策要兼顾当前和长远,筑牢风险防控制度的机制,抓实防范化解地方政府债务风险,强化财经激励约束和财会监督,不断增强财政可持续性。 明年货币政策力度不减 中央经济工作会议提出,稳健的货币政策要精准有力。要保持流动性合理充裕,保持广义货币供应量和社会融资规模增速同名义经济增速基本匹配,引导金融机构加大对小微企业、科技创新、绿色发展等领域支持力度。 中国人民银行副行长刘国强在上述“2022—2023中国经济年会”上表示,对货币政策的要求,可以概括为“总量要够,结构要准”。明年货币政策的力度不能小于今年。需要的话,还要进一步加力,除非经济增长和通货膨胀超出预期。当前我国货币政策的工具仍然比较充足,数量工具和价格工具都有空间,流动性管理的手段和经验都比较丰富。 招联金融首席研究员董希淼在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,货币政策将重点在“精准”和“有力”两个方面下功夫,进一步提升服务实体经济的精准性和有效性。 董希淼认为,“精准”,就要突出结构性货币政策工具作用,加大对重点领域和薄弱环节的定向“输血”,实施精准滴灌,优化信贷结构。如引导金融机构发展科创金融、绿色金融,加大对科技创新、绿色发展等重点领域的支持;落实《促进个体工商户发展条例》,加大对小微企业、个体工商户等薄弱环节的精准滴灌。 中国民生银行首席经济学家温彬表示,货币政策仍将保持宽松基调。“精准”主要体现在“加大对小微企业、科技创新、绿色发展”等领域的支持,对应的是结构性工具以及PSL等。 董希淼表示,“有力”,应适时降低存款准备金率,为金融机构提供长期稳定的低成本资金,继续向市场发出稳增长、扩内需的明确信号。继续引导贷款市场报价利率(LPR)尤其是5年期以上LPR适度下行,既减轻居民住房消费负担,又激发企业中长期融资需求。 温彬也认为,央行将通过适时适度降准降息等方式,“保持广义货币供应量和社会融资规模增速同名义经济增速基本匹配”,并适度提升杠杆率。明年美联储将加息见顶,中美无风险利差将会收窄,同时输入型通胀压力不大,物价总体温和,货币政策宽松的掣肘将大为减弱。 “在经济增速较大幅度反弹背景下,明年货币政策将引导市场利率持续处于政策利率下方,保持流动性合理充裕,以配合财政发力,稳定市场预期。”王青预计,明年信贷仍将保持较高投放规模,投放的重点是国民经济薄弱环节和重点领域,即小微企业、科技创新、绿色发展等。 董希淼建议,应加强宏观经济政策统筹协调,实现货币政策、财政政策和产业政策协同发力、综合施策,大力提振市场信心,激发有效融资需求,共同面对多重挑战。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |